Skip to content Skip to sidebar Skip to footer
صفحهٔ اصلی / What Is It Called When You Hire Family

What Is It Called When You Hire Family

ارسال یک نظر

Favoritism granted to relatives

Nepotism is a course of favoritism which is granted to relatives and friends in various fields, including business concern, politics, entertainment, sports, fitness, faith, and other activities.[one] [2] The term originated with the assignment of nephews to important positions by Catholic popes and bishops.[iii]

Nepotism has been criticized since the ancient times past several philosophers, including Aristotle, Valluvar, and Confucius, condemning information technology as both evil and unwise.[four]

Origins [edit]

The term comes from Italian discussion nepotismo,[5] [6] which is based on Latin root nepos significant nephew.[7] Since the Middle Ages and until the tardily 17th century, some Cosmic popes and bishops – who had taken vows of chastity and, therefore, ordinarily had no legitimate offspring of their ain – gave their nephews such positions of preference as were often accorded by fathers to sons.[eight]

Several popes elevated nephews and other relatives to the cardinalate. Often, such appointments were a means of continuing a papal "dynasty".[ix] For instance, Pope Callixtus III, head of the Borgia family unit, made ii of his nephews cardinals; i of them, Rodrigo, later used his position as a cardinal equally a stepping stone to the papacy, becoming Pope Alexander Vi.[10] Alexander and then elevated Alessandro Farnese, his mistress'due south brother, to central; Farnese would later on become on to go Pope Paul 3.[xi]

Paul III likewise engaged in nepotism, appointing, for example, two nephews, aged 14 and sixteen, as cardinals. The exercise was finally limited when Pope Innocent XII issued the bull Romanum decet Pontificem, in 1692.[viii] The papal balderdash prohibited popes in all times from bestowing estates, offices, or revenues on any relative, with the exception that one qualified relative (at most) could be made a central.[12]

Mention in ancient literature [edit]

In the second volume of the Kural literature, which forms a manual for governments and corporations, Valluvar suggests nigh nepotism and favouritism thus: "If you lot choose an unfit person for your task just because you honey and you lot like him, he will pb you to endless follies."[13] Co-ordinate to him, nepotism is both evil and unwise.[4]

Types [edit]

Political [edit]

Nepotism is a common accusation in politics when the relative of a powerful figure ascends to similar power seemingly without advisable qualifications. The British English expression "Bob's your uncle" is idea to have originated when Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, promoted his nephew, Arthur Balfour, to the esteemed post of Chief Secretarial assistant for Ireland, which was widely seen as an act of nepotism.[xiv]

Organizational [edit]

Nepotism can also occur within organizations, when a person is employed due to their familial ties.[15] It is generally seen as unethical, both on the part of the employer and employee.[xvi]

In employment [edit]

Nepotism at work can hateful increased opportunity at a job, attaining a job or existence paid more than than other similarly situated people.[17] Arguments are fabricated both for and against employment granted due to a family connection, which is virtually common in small-scale, family run businesses. On one hand, nepotism can provide stability and continuity. Critics cite studies that demonstrate decreased morale and commitment from non-related employees,[18] and a generally negative attitude towards superior positions filled through nepotism. An article from Forbes mag stated "there is no ladder to climb when the superlative rung is reserved for people with a certain name."[xix] Some businesses forbid nepotism every bit an ethical matter, considering it too troublesome and disruptive.[ commendation needed ]

In entertainment [edit]

Exterior of national politics, accusations of "nepotism" are fabricated in instances of prima facie favoritism to relatives, in such cases equally:

  • Peaches Geldof's role as mag editor in an MTV reality evidence – produced by a company owned past her father Bob Geldof.[20] [21]
  • The hiring of Hasan Piker as an intern by his uncle Cenk Uygur to the digital media show called The Immature Turks after Hasan graduated from Rutgers Academy in 2013.[22] [23] [ better source needed ]
  • Tori Spelling'south breakout role on Beverly Hills 90210 as a result of her father Aaron Spelling's involvement with the show.[24]
  • Hollywood's Coppola family includes many distinguished filmmakers and actors. The careers of Sofia Coppola, Nicolas Cage, and Jason Schwartzman have been attributed to assist past director Francis Ford Coppola, who bandage his daughter Sofia in The Godfather Role Three.[25] [26] Cage changed his last name to distance himself from such charges.[27] [ better source needed ]

Selected examples by country [edit]

Argentina [edit]

In Argentine republic, nepotism is a very common practise. Although there take been various attempts of reducing it,[28] it is hard in a state where state jobs are used as a gratitude token or party favoritism.

Former president Mauricio Macri has been investigated for nepotism after allegedly extending a tax amnesty to their family.[29]

The Kirchnerist party has openly stated the beliefs in nepotism, treating meritocracy as a pejorative concept. The regime's ministries and secretariats are plagued with friends, family and militants of the current party leaders, many of which were criticized for being incapable in their jobs.[30] This has been very evident during the Cristina Kirchner's presidencies (2007–2015) and Alberto Fernández presidency (2019–present).

Australia [edit]

Anna Bligh, who won the 2009 Queensland Land ballot, has been accused of nepotism by giving her hubby Greg Withers a position as the Role of Climate Change head.[31]

Before long after his appointment as the Anglican Archbishop of Sydney in 2001, Peter Jensen was defendant, in an Australian Dissemination Corporation interview, of nepotism after nominating his blood brother Phillip Jensen every bit Dean of Sydney and appointing his wife Christine Jensen to an official position in the Sydney diocese.[32]

Azerbaijan [edit]

On 21 Feb 2017, President of Republic of azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev appointed his wife Mehriban Aliyeva to exist Vice President of Azerbaijan.[33]

Kingdom of belgium [edit]

Over the by decade, criticism has been growing over the cosmos of political dynasties in Belgium, in which all of the traditional political parties have been involved. This phenomenon has been explained by the fact that prominent political party members control the ranking of candidates on party lists for elections and a candidate's place on a list determines whether or not he or she is elected. Another justification for the miracle is the importance of name recognition for collecting votes.[34]

Claims of nepotism accept been made confronting Bruno Tobback, the son of senator and onetime minister Louis Tobback, a member of the Flemish socialists, became the Belgian federal government's minister for the pensions and surround at 35 in 2005.[35] Alexander De Croo, the son of former speaker of the Belgian parliament Herman De Croo, ran for the leadership of his begetter's political party Open VLD at age 33.[36] Finally there is the case of Maya Detiège, the girl of one-time mayor of the city of Antwerp Leona Detiège, who herself is the girl of the onetime mayor of Antwerp Frans Detiège.[34] Among other examples are sometime minister Freya Vandenbossche and senator Jean Jacques De Gucht, being the girl and son of respectively former minister Luc Vandenbossche and former minister Karel De Gucht.

Cambodia [edit]

Prime number Minister Hun Sen and senior members of Parliament are known for their hand in getting family members into government positions. In the 2013 Cambodian parliamentary elections, at least 8 candidates were sons of high-ranking Cambodian People's Party officials.[37] All ruling party sons lost, but were eventually appointed into loftier-ranking government positions.

Cathay [edit]

For the past iii,000 years, nepotism has been mutual in China's clan and extended family based civilisation. Confucius wrote nearly the importance of balancing "filial piety with merit". The clan-based feudal system complanate during Confucius' lifetime, withal nepotism has continued through the mod historic period.[38] [39]

French republic [edit]

In October 2009, Jean Sarkozy, the second son of the President of the French Republic Nicolas Sarkozy, was poised to become the manager of the major EPAD [fr] authorization despite defective any higher education caste and professional feel.[40] In 2008 he was voted regional councillor of Neuilly-sur-Seine, the town of which his father had previously been mayor.[41]

In September 2009, rap-producer Pierre Sarkozy, the first son of and so-President Nicolas Sarkozy, asked SCPP [fr] for a financial contribution of around €10000 towards an €80000 artistic project. Considering he was not a SCPP member, the asking was automatically rejected. Pierre Sarkozy then went to the Élysée which led to an Élysée adjutant contacting the SCPP, and SCPP president Marc Guez assuring the result would soon be favorably resolved.[42] [43] According to Abeille Music [fr] president and SCPP member Yves Riesel, nevertheless, this would not happen as SCPP's financial aid has been restricted to members merely for months.[44]

Greece [edit]

In Greece it is common exercise for family members of electric current or erstwhile party leaders to be party members and go appointed as ministers when the party is in authorities.[45] In add-on, there take been three prime ministers from the Papandreou family,[46] two from the Mitsotakis family (1 currently serving),[47] two from the Karamanlis family unit (a third one is currently serving every bit minister of transportation).

India [edit]

Nepotism in India is common in politics, judiciary, business concern, the picture industry, religious circles, and many other types of organizations. Many judges and advocates of the high courts and the Supreme Court of India are declared to be appointed by exercising casteism, nepotism,[48] [49] [50] and favoritism, primarily due to the Supreme Court and the loftier court appointment process called Collegium[51] which recommends to the President, in a legally binding manner, the names of judges to be appointed or promoted to the college judiciary. The various judicial services exams are also infamous for these practices.[52] Rahul Gandhi, Former President of the Indian National Congress party, is a descendant of Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, Sonia Gandhi.

Nepotism in the Indian moving-picture show industry [edit]

The Kapoor family,[53] one of the most prolific generational families involved in Indian picture palace, have been known for bringing their children into the industry with their endorsements and influence.[ citation needed ] In June 2020 a fresh contend on nepotism followed soon after the suicide[54] of player Sushant Singh Rajput, which fans believe was in reaction to efforts by Bollywood insiders to cold-shoulder him.[55] Filmmaker Karan Johar, who Rajput had worked with in the Netflix picture Drive, was quickly accused of nepotism by extra Kangana Ranaut, with Rajput'southward fans calling for a boycott of Johar and his studio, Dharma Productions, too as of role player Salman Khan and his brothers, who were accused of bullying outsiders in the past.[ citation needed ] Actors and actresses Alia Bhatt, Varun Dhawan, Janhvi Kapoor, Ishaan Khatter, Ananya Pandey, Athiya Shetty, Tiger Shroff, Arjun Kapoor and Sara Ali Khan, all of whom hail from film families, were also widely criticized.[56]

Sri Lanka [edit]

Quondam President of Sri Lanka, Mahinda Rajapaksa, has been defendant of nepotism, appointing three brothers to run of import ministries and giving out other political positions to relatives, regardless of their merit. During his presidency, the Rajapaksa family unit held the ministries of finance, defence, ports and aviation, and highways and route development. The president's blood brother, Gotabhaya Rajapaksa, was given the post of Defence Secretary. He also controlled the war machine, the police and the Coast Guard, and was responsible for immigration and emigration. Rajapaksa appointed his blood brother Basil Rajapaksa as government minister of Economical Development. Together, the Rajapaksa brothers controlled over 70% of Sri Lanka's public budget. Mahinda Rajapaksa's eldest blood brother, Chamal Rajapaksa, was appointed as the Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka, and has held many other posts before, while his eldest son, Namal Rajapaksa, is also a member of the parliament and holds undisclosed portfolios.[57] [58]

Others include: his nephew, Shashindra Rajapaksa, who is the former Chief minister of Uva; one of his cousins, onetime Sri Lankan administrator to the United States, Jaliya Wickramasuriya; and some other cousin, Udayanga Weeratunga, who is the former administrator to Russia. Dozens of nephews, nieces, cousins, and in-laws accept also been appointed every bit heads of banks, boards, and corporations.[58]

Chandrika Kumaratunga, who served every bit the former President of Sri Lanka from 1994 to 2005 and former Prime Minister of Sri Lanka in 1994, is the daughter of S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike and Sirimavo Bandaranaike who both served as Prime Ministers of Ceylon from 1956 to 1959, 1960 to 1965, 1970 to 1977 and 1994 to 2000. Her brother Anura Bandaranaike served every bit the Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka from 2000 to 2001

Also, sometime president Ranasinghe Premadasa'southward son Sajith Premadasa is the Opposition leader of Sri Lanka who ran for presidential election in 2019 equally well.[59]

Also Ranil Wickremesinghe who served as prime number minister of Sri Lanka from 1993 to 1994, 2001 to 2004, 2015 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019 is a nephew of old Sri Lankan president J. R. Jayewardene.[60] As well a defense state minister of his government Ruwan Wijewardene is as well a cousin of Ranil Wickremesinghe.[61] Also Ruwan is the bully grandson of UNP founder and Sri Lanka'south get-go Prime Minister D. S. Senanayake. Ruwan has been given a high priority in the political party by Ranil by giving leadership roles.[62] [63] [64]

Indonesia [edit]

Suharto, Indonesia'due south second president, is involved in nepotism, alongside corruption and collusion (together, they are known as abuse, bunco, and nepotism Indonesian: korupsi, kolusi, dan nepotisme) (ordinarily abbreviated to as KKN). Companies belonging to Suharto's children, particularly Siti Hardiyanti Rukmana ("Tutut"), Hutomo Mandala Putra ("Tommy"), and Bambang Trihatmodjo, were given lucrative authorities contracts and protected from market competition by monopolies. Examples include the toll-throughway company Jasamarga (monopolized by Tutut), the national machine project Timor (monopolized past Bambang and Tommy), and the cinema market (monopolized by 21 Cineplex, which is owned by Suharto's cousin Sudwikatmono). The family is said to command about 36,000 kmtwo of real manor in Republic of indonesia, including 100,000 mii of prime number office space in Dki jakarta and near 40% of the land in East Timor. Additionally, Suharto's family members received gratuitous shares in 1,251 of Indonesia's most lucrative domestic companies (generally run by Suharto'due south ethnic-Chinese cronies), while foreign-owned companies were encouraged to establish "strategic partnerships" with the old Indonesian president'southward family unit companies.[65] [66]

Mauritius [edit]

Nepotism is very common and very rampant in Mauritian politics, with many relatives and friends of high-ranking politicians being appointed high-ranking positions and associated companies being granted government contracts.

Since the first democratic elections in 1948, the field of politics in Mauritius has been marked by a handful of families who accept controlled the four major political parties which exist to this day. They are often referred to as the "modern dynasties" of Mauritian politics such as the Duval, Bérenger, Curé, Uteem, Mohamed, Boolell, Ramgoolam and Jugnauth families. The Boolell family'south involvement in politics started with Satcam Boolell in 1955, paving the fashion for his son Arvin Boolell, nephews Satish Boolell, Anil Gayan, and Sanjay Bhuckory, and son-in-law Sushil Kushiram to enter politics. The Duval dynasty started with ex-Lord mayor and minister Gaetan Duval, followed by his sons Xavier and Richard as well every bit grandson Adrien. Lall Jugnauth was the first of his association to enter politics in the 1950s and was followed by his cousins Aneerood and Ashock equally well as nephew Pravind. Abdool Razack Mohamed, who migrated from India in the 1930s, became Lord Mayor and minister; his son Yousuf and grandson Shakeel were as well elected and served as ministers.[67] Roshi Bhadain, who was a minister of the MSM government, is the nephew of former Labour Party minister Vasant Bunwaree.[68] Roshi Bhadain and Akilesh Deerpalsing (Bhadain'southward counselor and campaign manager, who is also the son of former minister Kishore Deerpalsing), were investigated past ICAC in 2019 for suspicious recruitment practices when he was a government minister.[69] [seventy] [71]

In March 2020 Harry Ganoo, the retired brother of Minister Alan Ganoo, was nominated equally the new president du Civil Service Higher Republic of mauritius a few months after the November 2019 General Elections.[72]

Until mid-2020, construction company PAD & Co. Ltd was awarded a string of major contracts such as constructing the new airport control belfry, a new weather radar at Trou aux Cerfs, renovating the Banking company of Republic of mauritius, rehabilitating the coast line of Cap Malheurueux, renovating the Port Louis waterfront, upgrading roads, constructing the Harbour Cruise Final in Port Louis for the Republic of mauritius Port Authorization, and upgrading the navigation channels at Port Mathurin, Pointe La Gueule, and Baie aux Huîtres in Rodrigues, among other projects.[73] PAD & Co. Ltd's owner, Alain Hao Thyn Voon, is the son of Philippe Hao Thyn Voon, president of the Olympic Committee, with very close ties to the MSM.[74] Following the St Louis gate scandal and discovery of fake bank guarantees, PAD & Co. Ltd went under voluntary assistants.[75]

In June 2020, MP Eshan Juman revealed details of a contract between the Ministry of Country and Housing and a private firm called Smart Clinics Ltd. The firm is partly owned by MSM Parliamentary Private Secretarial assistant Ismaël Rawoo and his family. The contract was a lease of 60 years on 2 acres of prime beachfront state-endemic land in Grande Rivière Noire, in the sectional precinct of Tamarin in Blackness River.[76] As role of the bargain, Rawoo's family will larn the lease for Rs xv.05 million and volition onsell the charter for Rs 250 million, generating a profit of around Rs 235 meg.[77] [78]

In August 2020, V. Gobin, a 75-year-old retired school teacher and male parent of Chaser General Maneesh Gobin, was nominated every bit Chairman of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute and the Rabindranath Tagore Institute. Maneesh Gobin was elected to Parliament within the ruling MSM government in 2014 and 2019 and his father Five. Gobin was elected once in 1987.[79] [fourscore] A week earlier, Rishikesh Hurdoyal, the brother of MSM Minister of Civil Service Vikram Hurdoyal, was nominated as chairman and President of the Mauritius Shipping Corporation Ltd, in add-on to beingness a director of the State Bank of Republic of mauritius. The new nomination will allow Rishikesh Hurdoyal to receive an extra Rs 54,540 per month, equally well as an boosted Rs 10,125 per month every bit amusement allowance, with access to a chauffeured company auto with 245 litres of fuel per month.[81]

Nepotism under Anerood Jugnauth [edit]

In May 1992, the Banking company of Mauritius issued a Rs 20 notation which featured the portrait of Sarojini Jugnauth, married woman of Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth. The portrait was considered to be a birthday gift from Anerood to his married woman. This developed into a major controversy, which led to Anerood confirming in parliament that he had canonical the issue of the new annotation. He apologised to the population and stated he would not commit such a mistake in the future.[82]

Despite her defeat in the 2014 full general elections, Maya Hanoomanjee became Speaker of the National Associates, Sarojini Jugnauth's niece. In 2015, Maya'southward daughter Naila was appointed to the newly created position of CEO of the State Holding Development Company. In 2018, she was also appointed as CEO of Landscope Mauritius, another state-owned corporation.[83] Maya's other daughter, Sheila, was involved in a 2017 controversy, when information technology was revealed that her company was allocated the contract to supply biscuits to various country-endemic organisations and municipal councils. The tins had misleading labels that read "Made in UK" when in fact they were produced by a local Mauritian baker.[84]

In December 2015 Rita Venkatasawmy, niece of Sarojini Jugnauth, was nominated the Ombudsman For Children despite having no qualifications in the judiciary.[85] Her predecessor Vidya Narayen was a retired gauge who held the position from 2011. Prior to Judge Vidya Narayen the position was held from 2003 to 2011 by lawyer Shirin Aumeeruddy-Cziffra.[86]

Soon after the retirement of Satyaved Seebaluck in 2016, Prime Government minister Aneerood Jugnauth nominated his shut relative Nayen Koomar Ballah as Head of the Civil Service and Secretarial assistant to Cabinet. Nayen Ballah is the cousin of Sarojini Jugnauth. In March 2018, Ballah was decorated with the title of Grand Club of the Star and Key of the Indian Ocean.[85]

In 2017, several opposition MPs raised questions in the National Associates about the business dealings of MSM Minister of Technology Yogida Sawmynaden'south married woman Wenda. It was revealed that the buyer of controversial clinic Apollo Bramwell had been pressured to use the services of notary public Wenda Sawmynaden, Yogida's wife. The private clinic had been valued at Rs ii billion but was sold for but Rs 77 million. Despite the conflict of interest, Wenda pocketed fees worth Rs 7 one thousand thousand.[87] In another case political force per unit area was practical for Sit Property Development Ltd to host an emergency meeting for Wenda to be made the preferred notary public regarding the auction of parcels of prime real manor within a new gated community at Côte-d'Or.[88] Wenda's brother Harry Krishna Vydelingum was besides appointed as president of the Mauritius Institute of Grooming and Development following a failed endeavor to brand him part of the management board of Republic of mauritius Mail. Wenda was also allocated various contracts by various land-run corporations, such every bit NHDC, the Republic of mauritius House Visitor, SICOM, the Sugar Investment Trust, the Sugar Manufacture Pension Fund Board, and various banks.[89]

Nepotism nether Navin Ramgoolam [edit]

Following the balloter defeat of the Labour Party in 2014, ex-Prime Government minister Navin Ramgoolam was arrested on suspicions of money laundering and conspiracy. A police raid of his house exposed several safes containing brand new bank notes to the value of Rs 220 million rupees, sectional credit cards and prescription medication tablets. His girlfriend Nandanee Oogarah-Soornack, accompanied by his Xara, had escaped Mauritius to her castle in Italia a day before the proclamation of election results with an estimated Rs 800 million rupees. Attempts to extradite her dorsum to Mauritius failed.[xc] Nandanee'due south rapid accumulation of wealth with the aid of Ramgoolam was closely examined by the press and investigators, and it was revealed how she collected millions of rupees through companies fix up every bit monopolies of nutrient outlets at Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Aerodrome.[91] [92] [93] [94]

After the December 2014 elections, the new government instigated criminal proceedings to recover almost 1,000 acres (i,150 arpents) of land-owned land which had been allocated to the activists and allies of Ramgoolam under his Labour government since 2005. The primary recipients of the various lots of Crown state ranged from Labour activists to associates to corporations, and the land was used for varying purposes including resorts, restaurants, and houses.[95] One recipient of the land, Sandranee Ramjoorawon's hubby Rajiv Beeharry, was a trusted adviser of Navin Ramgoolam and was appointed as CEO of the state-endemic MauBank. Labour Party Treasurer Deva Virahsawmy's company Midas Acropolis was also granted 31 arpents of Crown country at St-Félix after the Labour authorities cancelled the evolution let previously awarded to a businessman from Réunion Island. Prior to the December 2014 elections the ministry held by Deva Virahsawmy approved the Surroundings Impact Assessment for land immigration of the 31 arpents in grooming of the development of a new hotel. Within the harbour precinct, state land was granted to Beta Cement, endemic by Veekram Bhunjun, a relative of ex-minister Rajesh Jeetah. Bhunjun was likewise awarded 12.5 arpents at Petite-Rivière-Noire via his company Western Marina.[96]

In 2008, a private visitor chosen Pride Bridge Limited was formed by Nandanee Soornack's father and his associates.[97] Pride Bridge Ltd was shortly granted thirty arpents of pas géométriques state-endemic land at Poste de Flacq in 2008 for a "mixed development project" against a deposit of Rs 5 one thousand thousand. Nevertheless the owners of the well-established estate Constance La Gaité objected against the proposed project past questioning its legality and vi years later Soonack'southward and Chundunsing'southward visitor gave up the 30 arpents equally Navin Ramgoolam was defeated in the 2014 elections, before long later which Nandanee Soornack fled to Italian republic.[98]

Ramgoolam'southward sis Sunita Ramgoolam-Joypaul claimed and received more Rs 3.1 million from the government every bit per diem for accompanying the then-PM's wife overseas. One of the visits was in September 2007 when she travelled to New York. Some other plush visit was when Sunita Ramgoolam-Joypaul travelled to France in 2008. Veena Ramgoolam claimed and received more than Rs six million from the government for accompanying her hubby overseas.[99]

Romania [edit]

Romanian Communist dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu'southward family members "dominated" the country for decades.[100] [101] Elena Băsescu, the girl of President Traian Băsescu, was elected in 2009 to the European Parliament, despite the fact that she had no significant professional or political experience.[102]

Singapore [edit]

Singapore's regime has been the target of numerous charges of nepotism, with several members of the Prime number Minister'southward family unit belongings high posts. Lee Kuan Yew, who was prime minister from 1959 to 1990, preceded his son Lee Hsien Loong. Other family members holding high positions include Lee Hsien Yang, the director of the National Neurological Constitute, and Lee Hsien Yang, the chief executive officer of Singapore Telecommunication from 1995 to 2007. The family members dispute the charges as they arise.[103]

Spain [edit]

Nepotism occurred in Spanish Colonial America when offices were given to family unit members.[104] [ example needed ]

Juan Antonio Samaranch Salisachs, son of Juan Antonio Samaranch, president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) from 1980 to 2001, has been a member of the International Olympic Committee since 2001, and his daughter, Maria Teresa Samaranch Salisachs, has been president of the Castilian Federation of Sports on Ice since 2005.[105]

United kingdom [edit]

The Marquess of Salisbury, who was Prime Minister for three carve up occasions from 1885 to 1902 for a total of approximately xiv years, appointed his nephew Arthur Balfour as Principal Secretary for Ireland in 1887 and later every bit Prime number Minister in 1902. This is supposedly the origin of the phrase "Bob'south your uncle".[106]

In February 2010, Sir Christopher Kelly, chairman of the Commission on Standards in Public Life, said that more 200 MPs used Parliamentary allowances to employ their own relatives in a diverseness of office roles. He suggested that the practice should be banned.[107]

In 2005, Councillor Ann Reid of York arranged for all nine sets of traffic lights on her girl Hannah's wedding route through York to exist switched to greenish for the 5-automobile convoy. As a result, the nuptials party took only 10 minutes to pass through the urban center.[108]

Due north Yorkshire Police's Chief Constable Grahame Maxwell was disciplined by the IPCC in 2011, but refused to resign, afterward admitting that he assisted a relative through the showtime stages of a recruitment process.[109]

Many Northern Irish politicians employ family members. In 2008, 19 elected politicians of the Autonomous Unionist Party (DUP) directly employed family unit members and relatives comprising 27 of its 136 staff.[110]

Boris Johnson, the current Prime Minister was accused of nepotism for having appointed his blood brother Jo Johnson to the House of Lords, having previously also appointed him to his Cabinet as Minister of State for Universities, Science, Research and Innovation.[111]

Jesse Norman is a British Bourgeois Political party pol serving as Financial Secretary to the Treasury since 2019. He has personally endorsed the retrospective 2019 Loan Accuse despite there being seven confirmed suicides linked to the charge, including one in which he was named. In 2020, Norman's wife, Kate Bingham was appointed chair of the UK's Vaccine Taskforce—the group gear up upwardly to pb U.k. efforts to notice and manufacture a COVID-xix vaccine—despite other more qualified people being proposed.[112]

The states [edit]

Palm Beach County, Florida schools reinforced nepotism rules as of 2012 to ensure an "equitable work environment".[113]

In December 2012, a report from the Washington Post indicated diverse nepotism practices from the District of Columbia and Northern Virginia's Metropolitan Washington Airports Authorisation (MWAA), including one family unit with five members working for the MWAA. 1 of the reasons given by the associate general counsel to defend the alleged nepotism was "if [the employees are] qualified and competed for [the positions] on their ain, I don't see a problem with relatives working in the aforementioned organization."[114] The inspector general of the U.S. Department of Transportation and the U.Due south. Congress pressured the MWAA to resolve practices of nepotism. Authority employees are no longer allowed to straight or indirectly influence hiring or promotion of relatives, equally documented in their ideals policy.[115]

In 2016, Philadelphia 76ers chairman of basketball operations Jerry Colangelo named his son Bryan Colangelo his general director without a thorough search for the position.[116]

Politics [edit]

President John Adams appointed his son John Quincy Adams equally the first United States Minister to Prussia.

Effectually 30 family members or relatives of President Ulysses S. Grant prospered financially in some way from either government appointments or employment.[117]

Franklin Roosevelt submitted the name of his son Elliott Roosevelt to the Senate for promotion to brigadier general. Post-obit threats of resignation and pressure, Elliott Roosevelt was made a rated airplane pilot during World State of war Two. A suitable vacancy could not exist institute for him subsequently his begetter'south decease, and his last day of service was VJ-Day. Franklin Roosevelt also appointed his son James Roosevelt as administrative banana to the president and secretary to the president. James Roosevelt was the White Business firm coordinator for 18 federal agencies. Fourth dimension magazine suggested that James Roosevelt might be considered "Assistant President of the Usa".

John F. Kennedy made his brother-in-law, Sargent Shriver, the start director of the Peace Corps and his brother, Robert F. Kennedy, Attorney General.[118]

President Richard Nixon appointed John Eisenhower as United states Ambassador to Belgium. Richard Nixon was the begetter to Eisenhower'southward daughter-in-law.

In 1979, Bill Clinton, within weeks of beingness newly elected as Governor of Arkansas, appointed his wife Hillary to chair of the Rural Health Informational Committee.[119] In 1993, newly elected as President of the United states of america, he over again appointed his wife to chair a Task Force on National Wellness Care Reform. In 2013, Bill appointed his daughter Chelsea a fellow member of the governing board of the Clinton Foundation and Clinton Global Initiative.[120]

In 2017, President Donald Trump was accused of nepotism after appointing both his son-in-police Jared Kushner and his girl Ivanka (married to Kushner) into informational roles to the president.[121] Neither Jared nor Ivanka take a salary, and "counselor" is not an official tax-paid authorities employee position. In 2020, President Trump appointed his son Eric Trump's brother-in-constabulary, Kyle Yunaska, to the position of NASA Deputy Chief of Staff. Yunaska holds a 2009 MBA and a 2007 Bachelor of Science in Direction and Physics, both from East Carolina University. Yunaska was a paid regime employee.[ citation needed ]

Legality [edit]

Electric current (since 1995)[122] U.South. court rulings take held that the White Business firm itself does not establish an "agency" for the purposes of adhering to existing anti-nepotism laws on the books.[123]

Venezuela [edit]

Nepotism is known to exist practiced by President of the Venezuela National Assembly, Cilia Flores. 9 positions in the National Associates were filled by Flores' family members, including a female parent-in-constabulary, aunt, 3 siblings, a cousin and her mother, and two nephews.[124] [125]

Zimbabwe [edit]

The late Robert Mugabe was reported to be preparing his married woman Grace Mugabe to exist the next president of Zimbabwe while he was president.[126] Vice President Joice Mujuru was previously considered to exist the favored successor to Mugabe.[127]

Types of partiality [edit]

Nepotism refers to partiality to family unit whereas cronyism refers to partiality to an associate or friend. Favoritism, the broadest of the terms, refers to partiality based upon existence function of a favored grouping, rather than task performance.[128]

See also [edit]

  • Reciprocity
  • Political families
  • Bastard bullwork
  • Blat (term)
  • Cabal
  • Collective narcissism
  • Conjugal dictatorship
  • Cronyism
  • Crony commercialism
  • Family dictatorship
  • Guanxi
  • Ingroup bias
  • Hereditary monarchy
  • Hereditary politicians
  • List of fundamental-nephews
  • Mercantilism
  • Merit organisation
  • Networking
  • Professional courtesy
  • Simony
  • Spoils system
  • Wasta

References [edit]

  1. ^ "nepotism". Cambridge Dictionary . Retrieved 23 July 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ^ "nepotism". Lexicon.com . Retrieved 23 July 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ^ "nepotism". New Cosmic Dictionary. Archived from the original on 24 February 2007.
  4. ^ a b Sundaram, P. South. (1990). Tiruvalluvar: The Kural (First ed.). Gurgaon: Penguin Books. p. 12. ISBN978-0-14-400009-viii.
  5. ^ "Nepotism." Dictionary.com. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  6. ^ "In Praise of Nepotism: A Natural History". Adam Blare Booknotes interview transcript. Archived from the original on 26 September 2010. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
  7. ^ "Article nepos". CTCWeb Glossary . Retrieved ten September 2013.
  8. ^ a b "Article Nepotism". New Catholic Dictionary. Archived from the original on 24 February 2007. Retrieved 12 July 2007.
  9. ^ Gianvittorio Signorotto; Maria Antonietta Visceglia (21 March 2002). Courtroom and Politics in Papal Rome, 1492–1700. Cambridge University Press. pp. 114–116. ISBN978-1-139-43141-5 . Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  10. ^ "Article Pope Alexander Vi". New Catholic Dictionary . Retrieved 12 July 2007.
  11. ^ "Commodity Pope Paul Three". Catholic Encyclopedia . Retrieved 12 July 2007.
  12. ^ Anura Gurugé (16 February 2010). The Next Pope. Anura Guruge. p. 115. ISBN978-0-615-35372-2 . Retrieved twenty June 2013.
  13. ^ Rediscovering a Management and Leadership Manual in Ancient Indian Literature – Knowledge@Wharton
  14. ^ From Aristotelian to Reaganomics: A Dictionary of Eponyms With Biographies in the Social Science, by R. C. S. Trahair, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1994, p. 72. Retrieved online from Google Books, 30 July 2012.
  15. ^ Hotho, Jasper; Minbaeva, Dana; Muratbekova-Touron, Maral; Rabbiosi, Larissa (1 September 2020). "Coping with Favoritism in Recruitment and Selection: A Communal Perspective". Journal of Business Ethics. 165 (four): 659–679. doi:ten.1007/s10551-018-4094-9. ISSN 1573-0697.
  16. ^ "Richard Utz, "Beyond Consanguinity," Within Higher Ed, 24 March 2010.
  17. ^ "Nepotism at Work". Safeworkers.co.uk. 20 April 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  18. ^ "Family Ties: Treatment Nepotism Within Your Business concern – Perspectives – Within INdiana Business organisation with Gerry Dick". Insideindianabusiness.com. 9 November 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  19. ^ Kneale, Klaus. "Is Nepotism So Bad?". Forbes . Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  20. ^ "Peaches Geldof bags Telly reality show as magazine editor". Sundaymirror.co.uk. Archived from the original on 24 May 2008. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
  21. ^ "A horrific history that has repeated itself for Peaches". telegrap.co.uk. Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  22. ^ "How Hasan Piker Took Over Twitch". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 13 February 2021. Retrieved 14 Nov 2020.
  23. ^ Hasan Piker [@hasanthehun] (24 Apr 2019). "now if simply in that location was a way to alter that reality so that those without uncles could likewise accept a off-white milkshake" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  24. ^ "Tori Spelling admits getting Shannon Doherty fired". independent.ie. Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  25. ^ "Extra: Nepotism in the Director's Chair at". Hollywood.com. 21 April 2000. Archived from the original on 6 October 2012. Retrieved six March 2011.
  26. ^ "Null is true, everything is permitted – Coppola nepotism hate". Spiritof1976.livejournal.com. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
  27. ^ Nicolas Cage – imdb biography
  28. ^ "AM – Nepotismo: el "sueño argentino"". Deutsche Welle. 30 January 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  29. ^ "Argentine president probed for nepotism in revenue enhancement amnesty". Yahoo News. 13 December 2006. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  30. ^ "Denuncias de nepotismo y falta de experiencia para ocupar cargos públicos". Clarin. 25 January 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  31. ^ Houghton, Des (28 June 2008). "Anna Bligh'southward Labor in problem in the polls" Couriermail, 28 June 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2009.
  32. ^ "AM – Archbishop Jensen accused of nepotism". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. xviii November 2002. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
  33. ^ "Coming together of Security Quango held under chairmanship of President Ilham Aliyev VIDEO". Azertag. 21 Feb 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
  34. ^ a b "Politiek België is familiezaak – Buitenland – Telegraaf.nl [24 uur actueel, ook mobiel] [buitenland]". Telegraaf.nl. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
  35. ^ Martin Hurst (1 March 2005). "Tobback: making his mark". Investment & Pensions Europe. IPE International Publishers Limited. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  36. ^ "Alexander De Croo wil voorzitter Open Vld worden". Gva.be. Retrieved vi March 2011.
  37. ^ "Sons of the party all-powerful". Meas Sokchea. 6 May 2013. Retrieved vi May 2013.
  38. ^ "High-level officials monopolise party promotion mechanism, study finds". South China Morn Post. 6 July 2014.
  39. ^ Adam Bellow (13 July 2004). In Praise of Nepotism. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Grouping. pp. 89–92. ISBN978-1-4000-7902-5 . Retrieved 21 June 2013.
  40. ^ "Poll shows majority against job for Sarkozy's son". Reuters.com. sixteen Oct 2009. Archived from the original on nineteen Oct 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
  41. ^ "Sarkozy´south Son Climbs New Rung On Political Ladder". dalje.com. Kontineo oglašavanje d.o.o. 16 June 2008. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  42. ^ "Népotisme et Sarkozysme, acte II (màj)". Electronlibre.info. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
  43. ^ "Après Jean, un insurrection de pouce de l'Elysée pour Pierre Sarkozy". Rue89.com. nineteen January 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
  44. ^ "Après Jean, l'Elysée se met au service de Pierre Sarkozy". Liberation.fr. eight November 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
  45. ^ "To φαινόμενο της "οικογενειοκρατίας" στη Βουλή από τη Μεταπολίτευση μέχρι σήμερα". Lifo (in Greek). 15 October 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  46. ^ Thomas Jr., Landon (12 July 2011). "Family Differences, Global Bug". The New York Times . Retrieved 23 July 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  47. ^ "Hellenic republic elections: Middle-correct regains ability under Kyriakos Mitsotakis". BBC News. 8 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  48. ^ "सर्वे: हाईकोर्ट के fifty और सुप्रीम कोर्ट के 33% जज चंद घरानों के बेटे-भतीजे, भारत में ज्यूडिशरी का हाल". जनसत्ता. जनसत्ता. 26 April 2020. Archived from the original on 27 May 2020.
  49. ^ "'Nepotism' in Collegium Organization, Alleges Allahabad HC Judge in Fawning Letter of the alphabet to Modi". The Wire. 4 July 2019. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019.
  50. ^ "Govt gives collegium 'proof' of nepotism in picks for HC judges". The Times of India. 1 August 2018. Archived from the original on 1 Baronial 2018.
  51. ^ "Who's the Judge?". The Statesman. 21 September 2016. Archived from the original on viii June 2019.
  52. ^ "Check complaints of judges' children clearing judicial examination: Sadananda Gowda asks Chief Justice". The Indian Express. 26 June 2015. Archived from the original on 27 June 2015.
  53. ^ "When Ranbir Kapoor confessed he was a production of nepotism, said 'I would like to work hard for my children so that they become the correct opportunity'". Hindustan Times. 20 June 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  54. ^ MumbaiOctober 5, Republic of india Today Web Desk; Oct five, 2020UPDATED; Ist, 2020 19:50. "Dr Sudhir Gupta shares crucial facts on Sushant Singh Rajput death AIIMS report: 8 points". India Today . Retrieved 15 June 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors listing (link)
  55. ^ Yadav, Jyoti (xx June 2020). "Karan Johar, Alia Bhatt lose lakhs of Instagram followers as Sushant fans call out 'nepotism'". ThePrint . Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  56. ^ "Never fabricated any efforts to brand friends inside Bollywood: Kangana Ranaut". www.timesnownews.com . Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  57. ^ "A war foreign as fiction". The Economist. 7 June 2007.
  58. ^ a b "Asia Times Online :: Due south Asia news, business organization and economic system from India and Pakistan". Atimes.com. 11 Nov 2010. Archived from the original on xiii November 2010. Retrieved 6 March 2011. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  59. ^ Srinivasan, Meera (26 September 2019). "UNP names Sajith Premadasa every bit presidential candidate". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved xiv June 2021.
  60. ^ Srinivasan, Meera (22 December 2018). "Ranil Wickremesinghe, who has but fabricated another improvement, looks alee". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  61. ^ "You are being redirected..." world wide web.dailymirror.lk . Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  62. ^ "You lot are beingness redirected..." www.dailymirror.lk . Retrieved xiv June 2021.
  63. ^ tharindu. "Ranil'south focus on giving UNP leadership to Ruwan?". world wide web.srilankamirror.com . Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  64. ^ Lancelot (14 September 2020). "Opinion: Information technology's Ruwan! – Wijewardene in line to pb the UNP". Lanka Business Online . Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  65. ^ "Suharto tops abuse rankings". BBC News. 25 March 2004. Retrieved iv February 2006.
  66. ^ "Global Abuse Report" (PDF). Transparency International. Retrieved half-dozen August 2009.
  67. ^ Hilbert, Patrick. "Ces dynasties qui règnent sur la politique". defimedia.info. Defimedia Grouping. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
  68. ^ "Roshi Bhadain: L'enfant gâté du Sun Trust qui voulait aller trop vite". Le Mauricien. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  69. ^ Nuckcheddy, Ashna (26 January 2019). "Recrutements: Roshi Bhadain dans le viseur de la commission anticorruption". L'Express. Retrieved 26 Jan 2019.
  70. ^ "La garde rapprochée de Roshi Bhadain". BizWeek. 14 April 2016. Retrieved nine March 2021.
  71. ^ "50'ex-ministre Kishore Deerpalsing est décédé". Le Mauricien. Retrieved 10 Feb 2018.
  72. ^ "Le frere de Alan Ganoo nomme president du Civil Service College Republic of mauritius". Zinfos Moris. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  73. ^ Moris, East. "Contrats de renovation à la pelle pour Pad Co. Ltd". Zinfos Moris. Retrieved v September 2019.
  74. ^ "Philippe Hao Thyn Voon poura-t-il renouveler un nouveau mandat?". Zinfos Moris. Retrieved eleven June 2020.
  75. ^ "Retombées de 50'affaire St-Louis : Pad & Co Ltd passe sous assistants volontaire". Defimedia. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  76. ^ "Deux arpents de Pas Géométriques alloués à la famille Rawoo". 5 Plus. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  77. ^ Hilbert, Patrick. "Polémique autour d'un terrain sur les pas géométriques loué par l'Etat à une compagnie dont le PPS Rawoo est actionnaire". Le Defi. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
  78. ^ Lismore, Paul. "PPS and dentist Rawoo with the weid smile extracting a fortune from selling the lease of our land". Zinfos Moris. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
  79. ^ "Vishwadeo Gobin: Il faut assurer un meilleur apprentissage de l'anglais". 50'Express. 8 April 2018. Retrieved eight April 2018.
  80. ^ "Enter the father of Maneesh Gobin". Zinfos Moris. Retrieved 28 Baronial 2020.
  81. ^ "Nomination: le frère de Vikram Hurdoyal est le Chairman de la Mauritius Shipping Corporation". Fifty'Express. 25 August 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
  82. ^ "IL Y A European union VINGT ANS, LE MOIS DERNIER: Fifty'affaire du billet de Rs 20 – Le Mauricien". Le Mauricien (in French). half-dozen May 2012. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  83. ^ "Naila Hanoomanjee L'apogée du népotisme MSM". sundaytimesmauritius.com. Sunday Times. Retrieved five March 2019.
  84. ^ Prayag, Touria (23 February 2017). "Considering they are worth it". lexpress.mu. L'Express Weekly. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
  85. ^ a b "Land capture: the tentacles around the state". Fifty'Express. 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  86. ^ "Rita Venkatasawmy: La troisième Ombudsperson pour les Enfants prêtera serment ce mercredi". Le Mauricien. Retrieved half dozen December 2015.
  87. ^ "Rachat d'Apollo Bramwell : le choix de Wenda Sawmynaden comme notaire". Defimedia. Retrieved 25 Apr 2017.
  88. ^ "Wenda Sawmynaden: des honoraires de Rs vii chiliad pour Apollo Bramwell". Business Mega. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
  89. ^ Moris, E. "Wenda Sawmynaden étrangement présente dans les scandales". Zinfos. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
  90. ^ Grisham, John (xv February 2017). "About Nandanee Soornack's instance: another one bites the dust". lexpress.mu. 50'Express. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
  91. ^ "Nandanee Soornack Warrant for Arrest". Indian Ocean Times . Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  92. ^ Soormally, Raffick (29 August 2014). "Navin Ramgoolam : Individual life, public effigy, public interest". lexpress.mu. Fifty'Express. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  93. ^ Wan, James. "Changing fortunes of Mauritius' ousted leaders". Aljazeera.com. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  94. ^ "Soornack'due south printing conference Much ado about nothing". defimedia.info. Le Defi Media. Retrieved 22 Apr 2017.
  95. ^ "Terres de fifty'Etat: la VoH chassée de La Vigie". lexpress.mu. Fifty'Express. March 2015. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
  96. ^ "Terres de fifty'Etat: ces proches du PTr ciblés par le gouvernement". lexpress.mu. Fifty'Express. March 2015. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
  97. ^ "Enquête : quand un ancien associé de Soornack prêche la morale". Defimedia. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  98. ^ "Terres de 50'Etat : Chundunsing était l'associé de l'ex-copine de Navin Ramgoolam". Inside News. Retrieved xxx August 2019.
  99. ^ "Déplacements à 50'Etranger de Navin Ramgoolam : Les Plus Gros Bénéficiaires de Per Diem Connus". Business Mega. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  100. ^ Adam Bellow (13 July 2004). In Praise of Nepotism. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN978-1-4000-7902-v . Retrieved xx June 2013.
  101. ^ Edward Behr (21 May 1991). Osculation the hand you cannot bite: the rise and autumn of the Ceauşescus. Villard Books. p. 175. ISBN978-0-679-40128-5.
  102. ^ "Search on Elena Băsescu nepotism". Zaire.com . Retrieved 21 June 2013.
  103. ^ "Singapore'due south Lee Family unit and Nepotism". Asia Scout. 24 February 2012.
  104. ^ Alan R. Freitang, Ashli Quesinberry Stokes; Ashli Quesinberry Stokes (22 December 2008). Global Public Relations: Spanning Borders, Spanning Cultures. Routledge. p. 208. ISBN978-1-134-06129-7 . Retrieved twenty June 2013.
  105. ^ "La larga carrera de un hombre polifacético". El País. 21 April 2010. . (in Spanish)
  106. ^ Langguth, A. J. (1981). Saki, a life of Hector Hugh Munro : with half-dozen curt stories never earlier collected. Saki, 1870–1916. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 65. ISBN9780671247157. OCLC 7554446.
  107. ^ "Ban on MP spouse jobs 'essential'". BBC News. 17 Feb 2010. Retrieved 27 Baronial 2011.
  108. ^ Stokes, Paul (eighteen Oct 2005). "Councillor turns lights light-green for daughter's hymeneals". The Telegraph. York, United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland. Archived from the original on 11 Jan 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
  109. ^ "Chief constable remains despite calls for resignation". BBC News. Northward Yorkshire, UK. 12 May 2011.
  110. ^ "DUP's ii tribes". Belfast Telegraph. 22 February 2008.
  111. ^ "The Queen to Confer 36 new peerages as allegations of nepotism are fabricated". Royal Central. 31 July 2020.
  112. ^ "Kate Bingham Appointed Chair of Britain Vaccine Taskforce". Hereford Phonation . Retrieved 11 Nov 2020.
  113. ^ "Palm Beach County School Board reinforces nepotism rules". tribunedigital-sunsentinel . Retrieved 12 May 2017.
  114. ^ Thomson, Cheryl Due west. (viii December 2012). "D.C. drome dominance employment is frequently a family affair". Washington Mail service . Retrieved 10 December 2012.
  115. ^ Editorial Board (ten December 2012). "Airports say-so must clean upwards its act on nepotism". The Washington Post . Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  116. ^ "Reports: Nepotism to Supervene upon Sam Hinkie equally Sixers GM". Crossing Wide. 7 April 2016.
  117. ^ Lawrence M. Salinger (2005). Encyclopedia of white-collar & corporate criminal offense, Volume two. Vol. 2. pp. 374–375. ISBN9780761930044.
  118. ^ Jeffrey M. Elliot; Sheikh R. Ali (1 September 2007). The PresidentialCongressional Political Dictionary. Wildside Press LLC. p. 88. ISBN978-i-4344-9140-4 . Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  119. ^ Kelly, Michael (xx January 1993). "The Get-go Couple: A Union of Listen and Ambition". The New York Times . Retrieved 17 May 2017.
  120. ^ McGann, Eileen (5 May 2015). "Nepotism Princess Chelsea Clinton To Write Volume For Immature People On Most Important Issues; No Mention Of Jobs And Pupil Loans Debt". The Hillary Daily. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
  121. ^ Alan Yuhas (x Jan 2017). "Trump names son-in-law Jared Kushner as senior adviser, testing anti-nepotism law". The Guardian.
  122. ^ Haddon v. Walters, 43 F. 3d 1488 – Court of Appeals, Dist. of Columbia Excursion 1995
  123. ^ Sheth, Sonam (25 May 2017). "Ivanka Trump's new White House position could be an ethical minefield". Business Insider . Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  124. ^ Simon Romero (eighteen Feb 2007). "Chávez family dogged past nepotism claims". The New York Times . Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  125. ^ "Nacional y Política - eluniversal.com" (in Spanish). Buscador.eluniversal.com. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
  126. ^ Thornycroft, Peta; Blair, David (31 October 2014). "Mugabe defendant of 'bedroom insurrection' as he prepares his wife for presidency". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 2 Nov 2014.
  127. ^ JR ASAP BEATZ,ASAP Printing
  128. ^ Judy Nadler and Miriam Schulman. "Favoritism, Cronyism, and Nepotism". Santa Clara Academy. Retrieved xx June 2013.

Further reading [edit]

  • "American Agenda" in American Quarterly 25.iv (October 1973): 493–96.
  • Cardinal Giovanni Battista De Luca: Nepotism in the Seventeenth-century Cosmic Church building and De Luca's Efforts to Prohibit the Practice Academy of Northward Texas Digital Library.
  • "Nepotism: is it back?" New Statesman, 29 September 2003.
  • [1] Nepotism in Organizations, 2012
  • Diwan, Ishac; Haidar, Jamal Ibrahim (2021). "Political Connections Reduce Job Cosmos: Firm-level Evidence from Lebanon". Journal of Evolution Studies. 57 (8): 1373–1396. doi:x.1080/00220388.2020.1849622. S2CID 229717871.

External links [edit]

  • Hollywoodnepotism.net
  • Booknotes interview with Adam Bellow on In Praise of Nepotism: A Natural History, 24 August 2003.

coppingerrunis1977.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotism#:~:text=Nepotism%20is%20a%20form%20of,by%20Catholic%20popes%20and%20bishops.

ارسال یک نظر for "What Is It Called When You Hire Family"